Sunday, November 8, 2009

12th post

this week we had to study and take test plus relive limits. so heres the review.....

related rates:

Steps:
1. Identify all variables and equations
2. Identify what you are looking for
3. Make a sketch and label
4. Write an equation(s) involving your variables (only have 1 unknown)
5. Take the derivative with respect to TIME!
6. Substitute in the Derivative and solve

limits:

Rule #1 - When the degree (exponent) of the bottom is GREATER than the degree of the top, the limit is Zero.
Rule #2 - When the degree (exponent) of the bottom is SMALLER than the degree of the top, the limit is infinity. (positive or negative)
Rule #3 - When the degrees are equal, the limit is the coeffecients.

linierazation:

The steps for solving linearization problems are:
1. Pick out the equation
2. f(x)+f`(x)dx
3. Figure out your dx
4. Figure out your x
5. Plug in everything you get

implicit derivatives:

First Derivative:
1. take the derivative of both sides
2. everytime you take the derivative of y note it with dy/dx or y^1
3. solve for dy/dx

Second Derivative:

first you find the first derivative and solve it for dy/dx by using the steps for the first derivative steps.
you then take the second derivative of the solved equation. Plugging in d^2y/d^2x everytime you take the derivative of y again. and where you have dy/dx you plug in your solved equation for that.
once you have everything plugged in and ready to go you then solve for d^2y/d^2x

Intermediate Value Theorem:

1. if f is continuous on [a,b] and k is any number between f(a)and f(b), then there is at least 1 number c when f(c)=k.
* basically you cannot skip any y value

HOW TO FIND THE EQUATION OF A TANGENT LINE:

1. take f1(x)
2. plug x in to find your slope m
3. plug x into f(x)to get y
4. using m and (x,y) plug it into the equation (y-y1)=m(x-x1).


okay so i wasnt here for the whole linierazation stuff so can someone explain that to me???

Saturday, November 7, 2009

Ash's 12th Post

Alright, so this week:
Study for Test
Study for Test
Test
Test
Limits

I mostly understand the limits.

There are rules when dealing with these things:
(Note: These apply only when the limit is to infinity)
Rule #1 - When the degree (exponent) of the bottom is GREATER than the degree of the top, the limit is Zero.
Rule #2 - When the degree (exponent) of the bottom is SMALLER than the degree of the top, the limit is infinity. (positive or negative)
Rule #3 - When the degrees are equal, the limit is the coeffecients.

Here are some tips that we got in class:
1) When plugging in a limit and you get something over zero, do not just automatically put ZOMG! TLDNE! (THE LIMIT DOES NOT EXIST!). There are two other choices:
1. Factor and cancel (Not sure what this means...can someone clarify please?)
2. Use the calculator (table function) (take the --> # and add and minus .1, .01, and .001)

2) Limits have to match from left to right (OMG! Can someone help with this? I have no idea how to do left and right limits!)

3) When there is a radical, the limit will always be (highest top coef)/(sqrt(highest bottom coef))

Alex then put some stuff on the board that I'm kinda iffy about:

1) lim sinax
x->0 bx
The limit is a/b

2) lim tanax
x->0 bx
The limit is a/b


Okay, so, The Things I Don't Understand!!
1. The concept of factoring and cancelling when there is something over zero...what does it do? Is that your limit or what?
2. How to find the limit using left and right hand. I have noooo idea how to even begin!

Friday, November 6, 2009

Post #12

Ok so week 12 of Calculus is over with. This week was stressful let me just say that! We’re going over everything once again and for some reason I’m STILL unable to grasp a lot of the problems. We had the packets that were due Friday [today] on all of the stuff we needed help on. It helped me a lot on my test. Our test was broken up into two parts, the multiple choice one day and the free response the next. Goshh…… I’m glad I did okay on the multiple choice because I know I did pretty badly on the free response. I don’t know why but I just blanked when I got the test in my hand. 
After taking the multiple choice part of the test I realized I might have a chance, so I went home and studied everything that I didn’t understand once again. WOW all that work for nothing. After the test was over with we were all relieved. However, today Mrs. Robinson told us that we did HORRIBLE on the limits part, so we got a packet on limits today. I LOVE LIMITS PERSONALLY because that’s one of the things I feel confident on...Ha!
So I guess I can explain limits right.
Umm let’s say you have to find the limit of x = 4 with some equation, all you have to do is plug the equation into your y= part of your calculator and remember if you have a fraction that the numerator and the denominator are in parenthesis because the calculator needs to know what’s with what. After that press second graph in order to get to table and remember that your table set function should be set to ask on independent. If its x=4 for the limit you’re trying to find, plug in 4-.1…4-.01…4-.001…4+.001…4+.01…4+.1… and the answers you get is what you look at to find the answer. You look at all the – and all the + and whatever they are going to is what the limit is!
If you have x=4ֿ then you just plug in the minus’s and see what it’s going to, and for x=4(+) then you would just plug in the plus’s and see what it’s going to.
Remember all the rules for the limit going to 0 and to infinity!! WE NOW HAVE THAT IN OUR NOTES FROM TODAY!
Just a review:
• a differential is when something is solved for dy or dx like:
y=cos(x)---solve for dy
dy/dx = -sin(x)
dy = [(dx)*(-sin(x))]
• When we use differentials to approximate there are steps involved:
1. Identify Equation
2. f(x) + f'(x)*dx
3. determine dx
4. determine x
5. Plug in and solve!
For example: (number one on the Approximate part of our wednesday night
homework) to approximate the square root of 99.4 we use the
steps...
~the equation is -- f(x) = the square root of (x)
~the square root of [x] + [(1)/(2 * the square root of [x]) multiplied by (dx)]
~ dx = .4
~ x = 99
~ plug in: [the square root of 99] + [(1) / (2 * the square root of 99) multiplied
by (.4)]
~when solved:....9.96997, the error is 0.0002

Wednesday, November 4, 2009

Post 11?

Ok, so as I was coming do my comments today, I saw that I totally forgot to do my blog for last week all together, so I'll do it now.

So last week was completley crazy. I forgot to do all my homework and this blog, but last week we did go over a lot. Although we did not learn related rates and angle of elevation last week, we continued on going over it.

Related rates are very similar to optimization; they make optimization look like a piece of cake. Anyway, the steps for related rates are:

1. identify all variables and equations

2. identify what you are looking for

3. make a sketch and lable

4. write an equation involving variables

5. take the derivative with restect to time (dy/dt instead of dy/dx) and solve

This basically helps you solve a problem when something in the problem is changing (a rate; derivatives are rates).

We also went over angle of elevation. I am still pretty bad at these. I can never decide what number in the problem goes with which variable. I particularly have trouble with problems that involve air planes.

EX. When a problem says a plane is flying at 200 mi/hr and starts rising at 20 degrees
I think that's angle of elevation. I'm not completley sure though?

Last week we learned linerization and differentials. Mrs. Robinson described linerization as taking, say, a parabola and streaching it out so it becomes a line. When there is a linerization problem, the key word the problem will say is approximate. The equation for this is:
f(x)=f(c)=f '(c) (x-c)
Differentials are when something is solved for dy or dx.

Sunday, November 1, 2009

Ash's 11th Post

First off..it's 11:11...make a wish...
Okay, now that that's over with, let's get down to business.

Number one: Is anyone else's wiki page saying there's an error? Maybe because it's almost midnight on a Sunday night and they're fixing it...idk

Anyway..this week: I honestly don't remember much except study guides and..wow..Linearization.

I half-way understood it whenever she was going over it in class, but now, I have no idea what I'm doing. So, to solve that problem, I'm going to go and read everyone's blog about 13 times each (lucky number) and hopefully something hits me (physically or mentally, it doesn't matter which =]).

How about I explain something I understand a little more? Hmm...Related Rates? Sure, that doesn't sound TOO bad..

Alright, Related Rates it is! :)

Steps:
1. Identify all variables and equations
2. Identify what you are looking for
3. Make a sketch and label
4. Write an equation(s) involving your variables (only have 1 unknown)
5. Take the derivative with respect to TIME! (ohh...I should have remembered that..)
6. Substitute in the Derivative and solve

Okay, For those of whom are still scratching their heads in confusion, let's take a different approach to this ;)

Steps:
1. Think of it as step one in Chemistry (for those who have it): Plan
2. Step two in Chemistry: Analyze
3. "Sketch and Label"
4. Use yer fermulas (either given or basic (haha) Geometry formulas)
5. Take d(enter variable here)/dt
6. Substitute and solve (come on, you've been doing it since elementary right? That can't be so bad...haha.. -.-)

Example Problem:

The variables x and y are differentiable functions of t. They are related by the equation y=2x^3-x+4. When x=2, dx/dt = -1. Find dy/dt when x=2.

If you don't get it, break it down (also first step):
1. X and Y are differentiable; y=2x^3-x+4; x=2 so dx/dt=-1.
2. Find: dy/dt
3. Can't really sketch this ^^
4. Your formula was given: y=2x^3-x+4
5. dy/dx = 6x^2dx/dy-dy/dy
dy/dx = 6 (2)^2(-1)-(-1)
dy/dx=-23

Ta Da!! That wasn't so bad now was it? :)

post # 11

Alrighty then, I learned related rates this week because I wasn't at school the week before, and I also learned linearization.

Related Rates:

1: identify all variables in equations
2: identify what you are looking for
3: sketch and lebel
4: write an equation involving your variables. (you can only have one unkown so a secondary equation may be given)
5: take the derivative with respect to time.
6: substitute derivative and solve.

Example: the variables x and y are functions of t and related by the equation y=2x^3-x+4 when x=2, dy/dt=-1. Find dy/dt when x=2

alright, so you put down the equation, y=2x^3-x+4.
Then you take the derivative of that, so you get dy/dt=6x^2(dx/dt)-(dx/dt)
then you plug in to find that dy/dt=6(2)^2(-1)-(-1)
and that is further simplified to, dy/dt=-23.

Linearization:

f(x)=f(c)+f'(c)(x-c)

example: Approximate the tangent line to y=x^2 at x=1

you find all the different values: dy/dx=2x dy/dx=2 y=(1)^2=1

then you plug into the formula to get: f(x)=1+2(x-1)

example 2: use differentials to approximate: sq root(16.5)
steps:
1: identify an equation--- f(x)=sq root(x)
2:f(x)+f;(x)dx--- sqrt(x)+ (1/(2sqrt(x)))(dx)
3:determine dx-- .5
4:determine x--- 16
5:plug in--- sqrt(16)+(1/2sqrt(16))(.5)= 4.0625

error= .0005

so I did learn how to do that stuff, and did pretty well on that quiz that we had earlier in the week. I am actually quite happy because I have been starting to pass my quizzes, so I am glad we started this new stuff because I am actually understanding it quite well.

One thing I do not understand is angle of elevation, I don't really have any notes on it, just an example problem, so I have not been able to really learn it just by looking at that. If anyone has any advice, it would be greatly appreciated.

post #11

This week we pretty much reviewed for a test.
One thing that i feel pretty sure of myself with is related rates

1) first determine what is given in the problem. All given variables and even what your looking for.
2)set up your equation. Most of the time this equation will be simple such as patheagorean theroem or area or something like that.
3) you then take the derivative and put dy/dx,dx/dr, etc. the correct term for each variable.
4) plug in your given and then you have set up a simple equation.
5) once your equatin is set up and all given is plugged in you then solve for you unknown.

Because this week was hecktic and busy i guess i just missed linearization or something but i have no clue what to do with it. I need help

post 11

After another week in calculus we have learned about linearization, but we also spent some time reviewing for a test on everthing we have learned up to this point. The reason why we are doing this is because we are now done completely with derivatives. But the way to pick out these problems is when it asks you to approximate. Also you use differentials to approximate the linearization. Differential is something that has been solved for dy or dx.
The steps for solving linearization problems are:
1. Pick out the equation
2. f(x)+f`(x)dx
3. Figure out your dx
4. Figure out your x
5. Plug in everything you get

Also I am very comfortable with tangent lines. All you do is:
1. Take the derivative of the equation
2. Plug in the x value which gives you your slope
3. Use the slope you get and the point given and plug into slope intercept form (y-y1)=slope(x-x1)
*If a point is not given and only an x value is given plug the x value into the original which will give you a y value creating a point.

I did also learn a trick that helped me some with optimization. I learned that if you are looking for the optimization of a rectangle the answer will turn out to be a square.

I am not comfortable with problems like number 2 on the packet she gave us. It has to do with velocity. Also if someone could refresh my memory on instantaneous speed steps it would be appreciated because I can not seem to be able to find my notes on this.

post 11

this week has been crazy tiring w/ homecoming and such but i still ended up gettin alot accomplished. this week we learned linearization. linearization has to do w/ the word approximate. anytime you see the word "approximate" in a problem. it means to use linearization.
the formula for linearization: f(x) = f(c) + f(c)(x-c)

we went over related rates and had a quiz on it.
you're given a problem like, you have a spherical object moving , rate of change is ___ and dy/dx = ____ so find dx/dt. that type of problem requires you to draw out the picture yourself.
but you can also be given a picture with the problem, which can be very helpful.
steps, once again, are:
1. first identify all variables in equation
2. figure out what you want to find(what you are solving the equation for)
3. dont forget to sketch and label! *extra points
4. write an equation involving all your variables(plug in)
5. take derivative
6. solve

im much beetter at optimization after doing it over and over again. i also know horiztontal tangents

Determine all values of x, if any, at which the graph of the function has a horizontal tangent.
y = x^3 + 12x^2 + 5
All you have to do is take the derivative and set it equal to zero, then solve for x.
3x^2
3x^2 + 24x = 0
3x( x + 8) = 0
X = 0, x = -8

im not too good at angles of elevation really. anyonoe wanna explain a problem?

Post #11

Lets just jump right in to an example problem since I'm great at these:
The radius, r, of a circle is increasing at a rate of 2 centimeters per minute. Find the rate of change of area, A, when the radius is 4.

A= pi(r)2 dr/dt=2 dA/dt=?
2(pi)r(dy/dt)
2(pi)(4)2
2(pi)8
= 16pi

These are real simple. First, I identify what the problem is trying to find. Then I copy what is given. These problems usually involve the area of a circle or volume of a cone or sphere. So, we should probably start memorizing those. After, take the derivative of the equation and just plug in.

Another example problem, just because I love doing these:
A point is moving along the graph of the function y=sin3x such that dx/dt=2 centimeters per second. Find dy/dt when x=pi/7.

y=sin3x dx/dt=2 dy/dt=?
dy/dt= cos3x(3)dy/dx
cos3(pi/7)(3)2
dy/dt= cos 3pi/7(6)
dy/dt- 6cos(3pi/7)

Also, I understand how to find d^2y/dx^2, but for some reason I have trouble getting the right answer. I think I might just make stupid little mistakes.

Soooo for what I'm still having major trouble with:
Angle of Elevation
linearization: like use differentials to approximate the square root of 16.5


Help please :)